I. Terminal Sites
The two Terminal Facilities will be located on Pier 400 and Terminal Island, with pipelines connecting these facilities to local refineries and existing distribution systems. All facilities will be designed in full compliance with all state and local codes and standards, as well as industry recognized design standards. Additionally, the facilities will incorporate landscaping elements to improve the visual appearance of the sites and soften the industrial nature of the operation.

Site 1
Site 1 (or T-1000) encompasses about 15.5 acres, including Berth 408 and the storage facility. Site 1 is bounded by the west face (Face C) and south face (Face D) of Pier 400, the Pier 400 access road and the Least Tern nesting area. The terminal storage facility will contain two (2) 250,000 barrel and one (1) 50,000 barrel internal floating roof storage tanks, one (1) 15,000 barrel MGO floating roof fuel tank, receiving and discharge manifolds, metering, shore side cargo offload assist pumps (Shore side Pumps), pipeline pigging facilities, electrical substation, control/switchgear building, tank vapor recovery and thermal oxidizing equipment and miscellaneous other related facilities. The facilities will be designed to pump crude to Site 2 at rates up to 100,000 BPH.

View of Site 1 Looking West

Site 2
Site 2 (or T-2000) is located at the former LAXT property. The site is bounded on the north, east and west by an existing rail loop. T-2000 will contain fourteen (14) 250,000 barrel (working) internal floating roof tanks, receiving and discharge manifolds, inlet and outlet metering, distribution pumps, pipeline pigging facilities, electrical substation, control/switchgear building, tank vapor recovery and thermal oxidizing equipment and miscellaneous associated facilities. The facilities will be designed to receive crude at 100,000 BPH while shipping crude to customers at rates up to 40,000 BPH.

View of Site 2 Looking South

II. Tankage Systems
The new tanks will be constructed with Best Available Control Technology (BACT), as determined by the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD).

Click on image for more detail.

Construction
All tanks will be of welded steel construction, designed in accordance with the latest edition of American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard 650, “Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage.” The tanks will range in size from 40 to 200 feet in diameter and 40 to 65 feet in height.

Emission Controls
The tanks will control emissions with the use if internal floating roofs (IFR’s). IFR’s control emissions by resting (floating) directly on the stored petroleum product. This minimizes the area of the interface between the product and the air within the tanks, preventing vapors from being formed along the liquid surface.

To further reduce emissions, the IFR’s are equipped with primary and secondary seals. The seals prevent emissions from escaping from between the IFR and the tank shell. The primary seal is a metallic band (called a shoe) attached to the floating roof. The shoe slides in contact with the tank shell as the level of product in the tank rises and falls. The secondary seal is mounted above the primary seal. Secondary seals further reduce vapor losses from the gaps between the metallic shoe and tank shell.

In addition to the IFR seals, all penetrations through the IFR are sealed. This includes penetrations for support columns, gauging poles and hatches and ladders.

The tanks will be designed to “drain dry.” A drain-dry tank can be completely drained of product using the standard pumping systems. This is necessary when changing between different crude types, preventing contamination of one crude with another. Drain-dry tanks reduce emissions because the number of times the tank must be cleaned for product changes is reduced.

Emissions from drain-dry cycles are further reduced by installation of a vapor recovery unit. During drain-dry operations, the IFR will rest on its low legs when removing the last barrels from the tank. Vapors will not be released while product is being drawn from the tank. When the tank is refilled, the new product displaces the vapor below the IFR until it contacts the liquid surface. These vapors will be extracted with the use of a blower and destroyed through an incinerator air pollution control system.

Containment
To prevent corrosion from water present in crude oils, the internal tank bottoms and three feet of the internal tank shell will be epoxy coated, preventing the water from contacting the tank shell. The tanks will be installed on concrete ringwall foundations, elevated approximately 1.5 feet above the surrounding grade. An 80 mil high-density polyethylene (HDPE) synthetic liner will be installed below each tank, providing secondary containment. Further, the tanks will be installed in a diked containment area. The dikes will be designed to contain the entire contents of the largest tank, plus provisions for rain water.

The tanks will also be equipped with level gauges and redundant level alarms. The devices will be integrated with the control system, stopping material from entering the tank should a high level be detected.

III. Shore-Side Pumps
The Pier 400 Project will include the installation of multiple shore-side cargo offload assist pumps (Shore-Side Pumps) at Site 1. The purpose of the pumps is to reduce vessel related air emissions in the Port of Los Angeles (POLA). At a typical terminal, vessels would be required to pump their cargo to distant offsite tankage. This requires the vessel to generate additional energy to power the offloading pumps. At Pier 400, the vessel will only be required to pump the crude oil to a surge tank located approximately 2,500 feet from the dock. This will result in reduced energy generation by the vessel, yielding lower fuel consumption and a significant reduction in vessel air emissions.

The project will provide electric driven shore-side pumps to move the crude oil from the surge tank at Site 1 to the other project terminal sites and project customers. The pumps will be designed for high efficiency, and will utilize double seals to minimize vapor emissions. Sound walls will be installed to minimize the noise footprint of the pumps.

IV. Terminal Infrastructure
Each terminal site will be designed for safe and efficient operations under all operating conditions. All facilities will be designed in full compliance with all state and local codes and standards, as well as industry recognized design standards. The major components are listed below:

Geotechnical and Seismic Analysis
The Pier 400 area has been extensively studied and modeled since its construction in the mid to late 1990’s. The project will utilize past design and analysis reports by Fugro West, Inc., Earth Mechanics, Inc. and Diaz Yourman and Associates, extensive field investigations, sampling and lab analysis of the current soil conditions, as well as reviews by professors from UC Berkley to design an equipment foundation system which will meet all current seismic design standards. Results indicate that ground improvements will be required at most sites, including stone column and pile installations. The soil report for Site 1 has been approved by the City of Los Angeles Department of Building and Safety.

Piping Systems
TThe piping systems will utilize a combination of above and below grade piping. All piping within the terminals will be designed, at a minimum, to ANSI/ASME Standard B31.4, “Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other Liquids”.

To minimize the risk of corrosion, all below ground piping will be externally coated and a cathodic protection system installed. Additionally all valves and flanges will be accessible for visual inspections. All above grade piping will be painted for corrosion protection.

Fire Protection Systems
This fire protection systems will be designed in accordance with applicable City of Los Angeles and State of California Fire Codes and well as the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

Each site will have a complete fire water piping loop surrounding the tanks and pumping systems, supplied with the appropriate hydrants and monitors. The hydrants will be located on a fire access road, completely surrounding all terminal sites. Each individual tank will be equipped with remotely activated foam fire suppression systems. Fire water pumps will be installed to supply high pressure water to these systems.

A Fire Protection Plan will be developed with the City of Los Angeles Fire Department which will detail the layout of each site, site access, equipment locations and control systems.

Water Handling Systems
A storm water collection system will be installed at each site. Oil/water separation equipment to remove traces quantities of hydrocarbons will also be installed, in compliance with water discharge permits. Quality control will be verified though the use of hydrocarbon monitors and flow meters at discharge points.

Electrical Systems
Electrical power to all sites will be provided by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP). Each site will be equipped with a Power House or Motor Control Center, which will distribute the incoming power to the individual equipment items located throughout the sites. Distribution of power to intra-facility motor loads will be through a combination of cable trays, above grade and below grade conduits. Facility lighting will be provided at all boundaries and on equipment requiring operator attention.

Control Systems
The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system will provide continuous real-time, operational data to the Marine Berth Control Center located on Pier 400. Pacific proposes to use a fiber optic network as the primary system to communicate data, video and control signals from the marine berth, all storage terminals, pipelines and delivery location facilities.

Typical information monitored by the system includes:

• Product-specific information such as temperature and gravity.
• Operational information such as pressure and flow rates, as well as information on the operational condition of pumps, valves, tanks, tank vapor recovery blower and vapor incinerator status and alarms.
• Security system status, intrusion detection alarms, remote video camera pictures.
• Fire fighting system status and alarms, and other facility status points.

Numerous software applications will be integrated into the SCADA system to assist the pipeline controllers with certain functions, such as crude or product batch tracking, historical event analysis, trend monitoring, flow balance and leak detection monitoring. Automatic report generation systems will supply historical and current data to operations and maintenance personnel.

In addition to continuous monitoring, the SCADA system will provide the pipeline controllers with the ability to remotely control important aspects of systems operation, including starting and stopping pumps, opening and closing valves, switching into and out of storage tanks and facility emergency shutdowns. The SCADA system will be programmed to alert the pipeline system controllers any time that operational conditions fall outside established parameters. Upon detection of an irregularity, the pipeline system controllers will have the capability to shut down the affected terminal equipment or pipeline by remotely stopping pumps and closing block valves that will be part of the various systems. Additionally, Emergency Shutdown buttons (ESD) will be installed at key locations around the facilities, allowing system operators to securely halt operations in case of an emergency. Designing and operating the SCADA system in this way will provide for a high degree of safety in the operations, allow for quick and technically sound responses to abnormal conditions, and simultaneously provide the basis the environmentally sensitive operating decisions.